Config Servers: Config servers store metadata and configuration settings for the cluster.Mongos: The mongos acts as a query router, providing an interface between client applications and the sharded cluster.Together, the cluster’s shards hold the entire data set for the cluster. Each shard can be deployed as a replica set to provide redundancy and high availability. Shard: Each shard contains a subset of the sharded data.Sharding clusterīefore going further, we need to understand the components in the sharding cluster. MongoDB supports horizontal scaling through sharding. While the overall speed or capacity of a single machine may not be high, each machine handles a subset of the overall workload, potentially providing better efficiency than a single high-speed high-capacity server. Horizontal Scaling involves dividing the system dataset and load over multiple servers, adding additional servers to increase capacity as required. But there are practical limits to vertical scaling like the hardware limits and the load a single server can handle. Vertical scaling is increasing the capacity of a single server by using a more powerful CPU, adding more RAM, and increasing the amount of storage space. Working set sizes larger than the system’s RAM stress the I/O capacity of disk drives.įor addressing system growth, we have 2 methods : For example, high query rates can exhaust the CPU capacity of the server. Why Sharding?ĭatabase systems with large data sets or high throughput applications can challenge the capacity of a single server. MongoDB uses sharding to support deployments with very large data sets and high throughput operations.
Sharding is a method for distributing data across multiple machines. Without any further delay, we jump into what is Sharding, its requirement, sharding cluster architecture in MongoDB, and a practical example with Docker. Documents consist of key-value pairs which are the basic unit of data in MongoDB. In contrast, MongoDB makes use of collections and documents. In the traditional relational databases, we use tables and rows. For starters, MongoDB is a document-oriented NoSQL database used for high volume data storage.
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